| Presentations and Publications
Matthew D. Turner, D. K. Henze, A. Hakami, S. Zhao, J. Resler, G. R.
Carmichael, C. O. Stanier, J. Baek, A. Sandu, A. G. Russell, A. Nenes,
G.-R. Jeong, S. L. Capps, P. B. Percell, R. W. Pinder, S. L. Napelenok,
J. O. Bash, and T. Chai. Differences between magnitudes and health
impacts of BC emissions across the United States using 12 km scale
seasonal source apportionment. Environmental Science and Technology.
Vol 49, No. 7, pp. 4362-4371, doi 10.1021/es505968b, 2015.
Recent
assessments have analyzed the health impacts of PM2.5 from emissions
from different locations and sectors using simplified or reduced-form
air quality models. Here we present an alternative approach using the
adjoint of the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model, which
provides source−receptor relationships at highly resolved sectoral,
spatial, and temporal scales. While damage resulting from anthropogenic
emissions of BC is strongly correlated with population and premature
death, we found little correlation between damage and emission
magnitude, suggesting that controls on the largest emissions may not be
the most efficient means of reducing damage resulting from
anthropogenic BC emissions. Rather, the best proxy for locations with
damaging BC emissions is locations where premature deaths occur. Onroad
diesel and nonroad vehicle emissions are the largest contributors to
premature deaths attributed to exposure to BC, while onroad gasoline
emissions cause the highest deaths per amount emitted. Emissions in
fall and winter contribute to more premature deaths (and more per
amount emitted) than emissions in spring and summer. Overall, these
results show the value of the high-resolution source attribution for
determining the locations, seasons, and sectors for which BC emission
controls have the most effective health benefits.
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