To address persistent violations of the ozone National Ambient Air Quality Standard in the coastal communities around Lake Michigan, we propose a joint aircraft and ground-based campaign to significantly expand observations of ozone and its precursors over Lake Michigan during the summer of 2017. The campaign will be designed to collect field measurements to address the following questions related to enhancements in ozone concentrations observed in coastal regions along Lake Michigan:
- What is the relative contribution of inter- and intra-state NOx and VOC emissions and emissions sources on ozone production rates along Lake Michigan?
- To what extent do lake breeze circulations effect ozone production?
- What is the spatio-temporal distribution of ozone and its precursors over Lake Michigan?
- How can remote sensing products (e.g., measurements of NO2 and HCHO) be used to constrain ozone predictions?
- How well do regional models capture ozone production chemistry as assessed through evaluation of critical measurement indicators (e.g., H2O2:HNO3 ratio, HCHO:NOx ratio, NOy and VOC lifetime and partitioning).
To address these questions we propose a multicomponent field campaign utilizing both remote sensing instruments aboard research aircraft for high spatial coverage of ozone and its precursors (NO2 and VOCs) and a ground-based sampling site equipped with high precision, high temporal resolution in situ trace gas instrumentation for the characterization of ozone production chemistry. Aircraft operations will be supported by the existing network of ground-based monitoring sites operated by the states in eastern Wisconsin, northeastern Illinois, northwestern Indiana, and western Michigan that provide continuous measurements of ozone, wind speed and wind direction. Additional monitoring sites provide enhanced monitoring of ozone precursors, including NOx and select non-methane hydrocarbons (NMHC), and provide a comprehensive background for assessing ozone production rates and sensitivities to NOx and VOC concentrations..
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